کسب‌وکار اجتماعی

کسب‌وکار اجتماعی

کاربرد تکنیک دلفی و فرایند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی در شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی چالش‌های برون‌سپاری در کسب‌وکارهای اجتماعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه تجارت بین الملل، دانشکده تجارت و بازرگانی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه مدیریت، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
3 گروه مدیریت دولتی، موسسه آموزش عالی نور هدایت، شهرکرد، ایران.
چکیده
امتناع از برون‌سپاری در کسب‌وکارهای اجتماعی طی دهه‌های اخیر سبب افزایش حجم دولت و محدود شدن فضای رقابتی برای بخش خصوصی شده و امکان توسعه بخش غیردولتی و استقرار عدالت اجتماعی را دشوار کرده است. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی چالش‌های برون‌سپاری در کسب‌وکارهای اجتماعی دولتی است. پژوهش حاضر کاربردی و از نظر روش، آمیخته (کیفی - کمّی) است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، جمعی از خبرگان و شاغلان کسب‌وکارهای اجتماعی و اساتید دانشگاهی تشکیل می‌دهد که از روش نمونه‌گیری قضاوتی 12 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه در نظر گرفته شد و پرسشنامه بین آنها توزیع شد. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته بر اساس مبانی نظری در بخش دلفی و پرسشنامه مقایسات زوجی در بخش رتبه‌بندی بوده است، پرسشنامه با توجه به شاخص‌های نهایی تأییدشده در بخش دلفی به‌صورت زوجی طراحی شد و در اختیار خبرگان قرار گرفت. روایی پرسشنامه‌ها به تأیید استادان و خبرگان رسید و نرخ ناسازگاری نیز محاسبه شد. در نهایت پژوهشگر 5 معیار اصلی و 33 زیرمعیار به‌عنوان چالش‌های برون‌سپاری شناسایی نمود که با کمک نتایج تکنیک دلفی طی سه مرحله، 5 معیار اصلی و 25 زیرمعیار اجماع حاصل شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد چالش‌های برون‌سپاری در کسب‌وکارهای اجتماعی دولتی در پنج معیار اصلی قانونی، فرهنگی - شناختی، مالی، ساختاری - سازمانی و اجرایی - مدیریتی دسته‌بندی می‌شوند که به‌ترتیب اولویت بر اساس وزن نرمال‌شده، قوانین نارسا و عدم شفافیت قراردادی را به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین مانع معرفی می‌کنند. پس از آن، کمبود اعتماد و دانش سازمانی، ضعف در نظام پرداخت‌ها، نبود الگوی بومی برون‌سپاری و عدم حمایت مدیریتی به‌عنوان چالش‌های کلیدی شناسایی شدند. یافته‌ها با پژوهش‌های پیشین همسو است و نشان می‌دهد بهبود برون‌سپاری مستلزم اصلاح قوانین، تقویت فرهنگ سازمانی، تأمین مالی پایدار، طراحی ساختارهای نظارتی و ارتقای توان مدیریتی است. پیشنهادهای عملیاتی نیز بر تسهیل مقررات، آموزش کارکنان و ایجاد نهادهای مستقل نظارتی تأکید دارند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Application of the Delphi Technique and Analytic Hierarchy Process in Identifying and Ranking Outsourcing Challenges in Social Businesses

نویسندگان English

Sajad Khani Pordanjani 1
Farhad Farhadi 2
Ali Mansoori 3
1 Department of International Trade, Faculty of Commerce and Trade, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Management, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
3 Department of Public Administration, Noor Hedayat Shahrekord Institute of Higher Education, Shahrekord, Iran.
چکیده English

The refusal to outsource in social businesses over recent decades has led to an expansion of the government’s size and a reduction of competitive space for the private sector, hindering the development of the non-governmental sector and the establishment of social justice. This research aims to identify and rank the challenges of outsourcing in governmental social businesses. The present study is applied and uses a mixed-methods approach (qualitative–quantitative). The statistical population consists of experts, practitioners in social businesses, and university professors; through purposive sampling, 12 individuals were selected as the sample, and questionnaires were distributed among them. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire based on theoretical foundations for the Delphi phase and a pairwise comparison questionnaire for the ranking phase. The questionnaire was designed in pairs according to the final validated indicators in the Delphi phase and was provided to the experts. The questionnaires’ validity was confirmed by professors and experts, and the inconsistency rate was calculated. Ultimately, the researcher identified 5 main criteria and 33 sub-criteria as outsourcing challenges; through three rounds of the Delphi technique, consensus was reached on 5 main criteria and 25 sub-criteria. The results show that outsourcing challenges in governmental social businesses fall into five main categories: legal, cultural–cognitive, financial, structural–organizational, and executive–managerial. According to normalized weights, the primary barriers are ineffective laws and lack of contractual transparency. Subsequently, lack of trust and organizational knowledge, weaknesses in payment systems, absence of a native outsourcing model, and lack of managerial support were identified as key challenges. The findings are consistent with previous studies and indicate that improving outsourcing requires legal reforms, strengthening organizational culture, sustainable financing, designing supervisory structures, and enhancing managerial capacity. Practical recommendations emphasize facilitating regulations, staff training, and establishing independent supervisory institutions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Analytic Hierarchy Process
Delphi Technique
Outsourcing
Outsourcing Challenges
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