کسب‌وکار اجتماعی

کسب‌وکار اجتماعی

بررسی نقش دانشگاه‌ در اکوسیستم کسب‌وکارهای اجتماعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه توسعه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه کارآفرینی در فناوری، دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
3 گروه کارآفرینی سازمانی، دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
با توجه به اهمیت روزافزون کسب‌وکارهای اجتماعی در حل معضلات پیچیده اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی، درک و تقویت اکوسیستم‌های حامی آن‌ها به یک ضرورت راهبردی تبدیل شده است. این بنگاه‌ها برای موفقیت نیازمند محیطی حمایتی هستند که در آن، دانشگاه‌ها به عنوان یکی از کلیدی‌ترین بازیگران شناخته می‌شوند. اما درک ما از نقش چندوجهی و استراتژیک آن‌ها در اکوسیستم‌های مشخصاً اجتماعی همچنان پراکنده و ناقص است. اغلب مطالعات بر نقش اقتصادی دانشگاه در اکوسیستم‌های فناورانه متمرکز شده‌اند و شکاف تحقیقاتی در زمینه ارائه یک چارچوب یکپارچه برای تبیین نقش و جایگاه دانشگاه در اکوسیستم اجتماعی وجود دارد. این مقاله با هدف پر کردن این شکاف، جایگاه و نقش محوری دانشگاه را در اکوسیستم کسب‌وکارهای اجتماعی تبیین می‌کند. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد کیفی و بر مبنای مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات، یک مدل مفهومی چندوجهی مبتنی بر ادغام «نظریه نهادی» برای درک قواعد و بستر حاکم بر اکوسیستم و «مدل مارپیچ پنج‌گانه» برای شناسایی بازیگران اصلی ارائه می‌دهد که اعتبار آن توسط یک پنل خبرگان اعتباریابی شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که دانشگاه نقشی فراتر از یک عضو ساده داشته و از طریق پنج کارکرد اصلی و درهم‌تنیده به معماری و هماهنگ کنندگی اکوسیستم می‌پردازد: تولید سرمایه انسانی و کارآفرین (از طریق پرورش نسل جدیدی از کارآفرینان با دغدغه‌های اجتماعی)، ایجاد و انتقال دانش (با تولید تحقیقات متمرکز بر نوآوری اجتماعی و تجاری‌سازی آن‌ها)، تأمین زیرساخت و پشتیبانی نوآورانه (با فراهم‌آوری فضاها، آزمایشگاه‌ها و خدمات تخصصی) و شکل‌دهی به گفتمان و سیاست‌گذاری (با بهره‌گیری از اعتبار علمی برای تأثیرگذاری بر قوانین و ایجاد مشروعیت و شبکه‌سازی و ایفای نقش کاتالیزوری، با اتصال دولت، صنعت، جامعه مدنی و سایر بازیگران). این مدل یکپارچه، یک ابزار تحلیلی نوین برای سیاست‌گذاران و مدیران دانشگاهی فراهم می‌آورد تا از ظرفیت‌های نهاد آموزش عالی برای شتاب‌دهی به توسعه پایدار بهره‌برداری نمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Role of Universities in the Social Enterprise Ecosystem

نویسندگان English

Shokooh Sadat Alizadeh Moghadam 1
Ali Mobini Dehkordi 2
Elahe Ahmadi 3
1 Department of Entrepreneurship Development, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Technological Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Organizational Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

With the growing importance of social businesses in addressing complex social and environmental challenges, understanding and strengthening their supporting ecosystems has become a strategic necessity. These ventures require a supportive environment where universities are recognized as key actors. However, current understanding of universities’ multifaceted and strategic roles in social ecosystems remains fragmented. While most research focuses on their economic role within technological ecosystems, there is a research gap in comprehensively explaining universities’ roles in social business ecosystems. This study, through a qualitative approach and systematic literature review, proposes a multifaceted conceptual model integrating Institutional Theory to understand ecosystem rules and context, and the Quintuple Helix Model to identify key actors. Validated by expert panels, findings reveal universities play roles beyond simple membership by contributing to ecosystem architecture and coordination through five intertwined functions: human and entrepreneurial capital production by nurturing socially conscious entrepreneurs, knowledge creation and transfer focusing on social innovation and its commercialization, providing infrastructure and innovative support such as specialized spaces and laboratories, shaping discourse and policymaking by leveraging academic credibility to influence regulations and build legitimacy, and networking and catalytic roles connecting government, industry, civil society, and other actors. This integrated model offers a novel analytical tool for policymakers and university leaders to harness higher education institutions’ capacities to accelerate sustainable development.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
Entrepreneurial University
Institutional Theory
Quintuple Helix Model
Social Enterprise
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