مطالعة جایگاه مفهوم مسئولیت اجتماعی در شرکت‌های نوپای رشدیافته در دو دهة اخیر در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی جایگاه و کارکرد «مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکتی» در شرکت‌های نوپای رشدیافته طی دو دهه اخیر در ایران انجام شده است. بر اساس مدل پیاز پژوهش ساندرز، این پژوهش با رویکرد تفسیرگرایانه، کیفی و استقرایی و با راهبرد مطالعه چندموردی، بر روی ۱۱ استارتاپ رشدیافته ایرانی انجام شد. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق نیمه‌ساختاریافته گردآوری و با روش تحلیل مضمون بررسی شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که مسئولیت اجتماعی در این شرکت‌ها اغلب فاقد راهبردی ساختاریافته بوده، قائم به شخص و تحت تأثیر انگیزه‌ها و ارتباطات مدیران ارشد است. رویکرد غالب، بهره‌گیری از مسئولیت اجتماعی به‌عنوان ابزاری برای ویژندسازی، بازاریابی و بهبود روابط عمومی است، نه راهبردی پایدار برای پاسخ‌گویی به ذی‌نفعان. محدودیت‌های ساختاری و نهادی، ضعف سیاست‌گذاری ملی، تلقی سیاسی ـ امنیتی از برخی حوزه‌های اجتماعی، و ضعف جامعه مدنی و سازمان‌های مردم‌نهاد، دامنه کنشگری این شرکت‌ها را محدود کرده و فعالیت‌ها را، به‌طور عمده، به اقدامات خیریه‌ای محافظه‌کارانه تقلیل داده است. ویژگی‌های ذاتی شرکت‌های نوپا، مانند تحول، گستردگی ذی‌نفعان، انعطاف‌پذیری و وابستگی به بازخوردهای فضای مجازی، بر شکل‌گیری و اجرای مسئولیت اجتماعی اثرگذار است؛ با این حال، پیوند انداموار میان نوآوری، مدل کسب‌وکار و مسئولیت اجتماعی هنوز به‌طور کامل برقرار نشده است. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مسئولیت اجتماعی در زیست‌بوم نوپای ایران در مرحله‌ای ابتدایی و واکنشی قرار دارد و برای ارتقای آن، نیاز به سیاست‌گذاری حمایتی، تقویت جامعه مدنی، نهادینه‌سازی رویکرد چندبعدی (اقتصادی، قانونی، اخلاقی، بشردوستانه) و ادغام مسئولیت اجتماعی در استراتژی‌های کلان شرکت‌ها وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Study of the Position of the Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in Startup Companies Developed in the Last Two Decades in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzaneh Yazdan
  • Nooh Monavvary
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study examines the position and function of Corporate Social Responsibility in mature startup companies in Iran over the past two decades. Based on Saunders' research onion model, this study adopted an interpretivist, qualitative, and inductive approach with a multiple-case study strategy. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with managers of 11 mature startups and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that CSR in these companies is often devoid of a structured strategic framework, remains personalized, and is shaped by the motivations and networks of senior executives. The dominant orientation involves leveraging CSR as a tool for branding, marketing, and enhancing public relations rather than as a sustainable strategy for stakeholder accountability. Structural and institutional constraints, weak national policy frameworks, the political–security framing of certain social issues by the state, and the limited capacity of civil society and non-governmental organizations have collectively restricted corporate engagement, reducing CSR activities largely to low-risk charitable endeavors. Inherent characteristics of startups—such as rapid change, a broad stakeholder base, organizational flexibility, and reliance on social media feedback—affect the formation and implementation of CSR initiatives; however, an organic linkage between innovation, business models, and CSR has yet to be fully established. These findings suggest that CSR within Iran's startup ecosystem remains in an early, reactive stage. Advancing its role requires supportive policy interventions, strengthening civil society, the institutionalization of a multidimensional approach (economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic), and integration of CSR into core strategic planning.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Charity
  • Civil Society
  • Stakeholder Theory
  • Startups
  • Technology Ecosystem

مراجع

Abbas, J. (2025). From corporate social responsibility to human social responsibility: A pathway for a sustainable society. Journal of Cleaner Production, 494, 144979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144979
AbbasiEsfanjani, H., & Basiri, S. (2024). Analytical model of relationship between self-brand connection, perceived corporate social responsibility and Digikala brand preference. Quarterly Journal of Brand Management, 11(4), 141-182. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22051/bmr.2024.45809.2531
Abdoli, R., Afsharnia, T., & Rajabzadeh, A. (2022). Effects of electronic signature recognition in signature certification offices and its social responsibility. Iranian Social Development Studies, 15(1), 81-92. (In Persian). https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/jisds/Article/821050/FullText
Aghajari, R., Kazemi, A., Mahouzi, R., & Kalahi, M. (2023). Exploring forms of social responsibility in universities and overcoming them. Iranian Cultural Studies Quarterly, 16(3), 59-91. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22035/jicr.2023.3221.3513
Akbariyan, M. (2019). Explaining the relationship between media social responsibility of economic-profit organizations and ethical and religious norms (Case study: Islamic Azad University and Parsian Bank in Tehran). News Science, 8(30). (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijsp.2018.68619
Alizadeh, M., Soheili, S., & Bamshad, V. (2015). Meta-synthesis of the position of business social responsibility in contemporary organization research literature in Iran. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 8(2), 353-369. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jed.2015.55984
Aljadiavi, Q., Mohammadshafii, M., & Amiri Aghdai, S. F. (2024). Competitive advantage based on corporate social responsibility, green marketing, and organizational spirituality: A study of Al-Barakat Food Industries in Iraq. Brand Management Research, 11(3), 65-110. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22051/bmr.2024.46221.2556
Asgari, M., & Naghdi, P. (2022). The effect of social responsibility on consumers' repurchase intention according to the mediating role of brand personality and reputation (Case study: Digikala online store). Journal of Value Creating in Business Management, 2(3), 1-21. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/jbme.2022.314248.1008
Ashtari, A. (2020). Social analysis of the startup ecosystem in Iran. Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 13(1), 179-151. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22035/isih.2021.363
Asiaei, K., O'Connor, N. G., Moghaddam, M., Bontis, N., & Sidhu, J. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and performance measurement systems in Iran: The levers of control perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(2), 574-588. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2375
Azar, K., & ZakerSalehi, G. (2022). Social responsibility of universities in confronting the coronavirus crisis: Using meta-synthesis method. Social Welfare, 22(85), 81-122. (In Persian). https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.17358191.1401.22.85.3.1
Bagheri, M., Abdolvand, M., Tabibi, S., & Khodayari, B. (2020). Designing a model for social responsibility in entrepreneurship using meta-synthesis method. Entrepreneurship Development Quarterly, 13(1), 41-60. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jed.2020.298180.653278
Bahador, A., Zarrin-Juy-Alvar, S., & Androva, L. (2024). A framework for factors affecting the promotion of social responsibility in free zones using a grounded theory method. Social Development, 19(1), 265-292. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22055/qjsd.2024.44959.2875
BashiriManesh, N., Gademiari, N., & Ahmadi, H. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and women's presence on boards. Women in Development and Politics, 20(3), 343-363. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jwdp.2022.336023.1008133
Bazrafkan, M., & Iman, M. (2017). A critical study of corporate social responsibility and development: An ethnographic study in the Asaloyeh region. Social Development, 11(4), 37-70. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22055/qjsd.2017.13003
Behrang, G., Mardani, M., Hamidi, N., & Irajpour, A. (2023). Social responsibility in the automotive industry and the social dimensions of sustainable development in the Abhar region. Social Research, 58(14), 89-114. (In Persian). https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/sr/Article/1111287/FullText
Bowen, H. R. (2013). Social responsibilities of the businessman. University of Iowa Press.
Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497-505. https://doi.org/10.2307/257850
Carroll, A. B. (2008). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social performance (CSP). In R. W. Kolk (Ed.), Encyclopedia of business ethics and society (pp. 1-13). SAGE Publications.
Carroll, A. B. (2015). Corporate social responsibility. Organizational Dynamics, 44(2), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2015.02.002
Coulson-Thomas, C. (2024). Corporate social responsibility and the future of work. Effective Executive, 27(1), 35-65. https://iupindia.in/ViewArticleDetails.asp?ArticleID=93
CSR Media. (2022). Seminar on social responsibility in startups and knowledge-based companies. https://csrrasaneh.ir
Dauerer, A. (2025). A systematic literature review of performance measurement integrating ESG factors. Sustainable Futures, 7, 100167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100167
DehghaniZadeh, M., & Keshavarzi-Hadash, F. (2024). The role of perceived corporate social responsibility and psychological mechanisms in achieving employees' creative behavior (Case study: Electro Kavir Yazd Company). Journal of Value Creation in Business Management, 4(4), 97-119. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/jvcbm.2023.407756.1148
DehghaniZadeh, M., & Qaedi, R. (2022). The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on workplace compassion, with the mediating role of procedural justice, organizational self-esteem, and emotional commitment (Case study: Industry, Mining, and Trade Organization of Fars Province). Strategic Research in Social Issues, 11(4), 69-96. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22108/srspi.2023.135934.1865
DehghanNiri, M., & Sobhieh, M. (2022). Identifying the factors influencing corporate social responsibility in project-based organizations. Welfare Planning and Social Development, 13(53), 87-119. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22054/qjsd.2022.63889.2254
Donaldson, T., & Dunfee, T. W. (1994). Toward a unified conception of business ethics: Integrative social contracts theory. Academy of Management Review, 19(2), 252-284. https://doi.org/10.2307/258705
Faraji, O., Jannati, F., Mansouri, K., & Younesi, F. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and firm value: The mediating role of earnings management. Social Capital Management, 7(1), 25-58. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jscm.2019.276161.1792
Farzin, O., & Samiee, R. (2021). Providing a model for the role of professional ethics in creating strategic advantage in the administrative system. Ethics in Science and Technology, 18(2), Article 22. (In Persian). https://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-2132-fa.html
Farzinfar, Z., Ardakani, S., & Naderi, M. (2016). Influence of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty with regard to the role of customer trust and satisfaction as mediators. Tourism Management Studies, 11(33), 63-83. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2016.4164
FayyaziAzad, A., Rahmati, M., & Khanifar, H. (2017). Modeling the influencing factors on social responsibility of National Iranian Oil Company. Social Capital Management, 4(2), 181-197. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jscm.2017.244498.1472
Foster, J. B., Clark, B., & York, R. (2010). Capitalism and the curse of energy efficiency. Monthly Review, 62(6), 1-12.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge University Press.
Geva, A. (2008). Three models of corporate social responsibility: Interrelationships between theory, research, and practice. Business and Society Review, 113(1), 1-41.
Ghazinoori, A., Sandhu, M. S., & Sarker, A. (2024). Institutional view of corporate social responsibility in the Iranian context. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 18(3), 712-736. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-02-2023-0050
Goodarzi, Z., Keimasi, M., & Esfidani, M. (2024). Barriers and drivers of social responsibility implementation in commercial banks of Iran. Social Development & Welfare Planning, 15(58), 373-419. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22054/qjsd.2023.58527.2129
Gorizan, L., Ahmadi, S., & Chenari, V. (2011). Investigating the factors that create employer brand based on corporate social responsibility. Social Research, 52(13), 77-103. (In Persian). https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/sr/Article/1111266
HamediNejad, M., & Alifari, M. (2022). The impact of economic policy uncertainty and corporate social responsibility with an emphasis on the mediating role of intellectual capital and R&D. Iranian Social Development Studies, 14(56), 41-59. (In Persian).
Hawkins, D. (2006). Corporate social responsibility: Balancing tomorrow's sustainability and today's profitability. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625815
He, X., Si, Z., & Yu, X. (2025). The influential factors of CSR reporting in China: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Asian Finance & Governance Review, Article 34. https://doi.org/10.52399/001c.134077
Hesami, Z., Memarzadeh, G., & Mohammadi, N. (2023). Designing a forward-looking ethical leadership model in organizations based on social responsibility (Case study: Farman Imam Executive Headquarters and Mustazafan Foundation). Future Studies in Iran, 7(1), 172-198. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.30479/jfs.2023.18621.1473
Hosseini, S., Dehghan, H., & Norouzi, F. (2022). The alignment of attitudes toward social responsibility with the sustainable development goals of companies in the oil industry. Iranian Social Development Studies, 15(4), 85-100. (In Persian).
Hosseini, S., & Normampour, M. (2021). Civil responsibility of startups. Civil Law Knowledge Journal, 10(1), 161-174. (In Persian).
Hosseini, Z., Memarzadeh Tehran, G., & Mohammadi, N. (2023). Designing a model for future-oriented ethical leadership in organizations based on social responsibility (Case study: Imam Khomeini's Executive Headquarters and the Foundation of the Oppressed). Iranian Future Studies, 8(1), 172-198. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.30479/jfs.2023.18621.1473
IMNA. (2021). The social responsibility system of the startup ecosystem (News ID: 520118). https://imna.ir/x6rDG
IRNA. (2019). The contribution of the startup ecosystem to social empowerment (News ID: 83654306). https://irna.ir/xjx4sL
Jafari, A., & Mehrabani, F. (2015). The impact of organizational social responsibility on organizational trust, job satisfaction, and customer orientation: A case study of private hospitals in Ahvaz. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Novel Research in Management, Economics, and Accounting. (In Persian).
Kashanipour, M., & Ghorbani, R. (2022). The effect of business strategy on the relationship between companies' social responsibility and value in order to increase social capital. Social Capital Management, 9(2), 155-186. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jscm.2021.324814.2226
Khaledi, A., Abdollahi, A., & Rasolian, P. (2020). Identifying challenges and solutions for collaboration between startups and large companies. In Proceedings of the Fourth National Entrepreneurship Conference. Sharif University of Technology. (In Persian). https://civilica.com/doc/1217696
Kouhi, K. (2016). Study of the effect of organizational health on social responsibility (Study case: Staff of the University of Tabriz). Social Development, 10(4), 33-58. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22055/qjsd.2016.12376
Kurpierz, J. R., & Smith, K. A. (2020). The greenwashing triangle: Adapting tools from fraud to improve CSR reporting. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 11, 1075-1093. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-10-2018-0272
Maccini, B. (2024). Innovative startups with significant social and environmental impact (Doctoral dissertation, Politecnico di Torino). http://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/id/eprint/31405
Maignan, I., & Ferrell, O. C. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and marketing: An integrative framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(1), 3-19.
MalekRaeisi, N., Mehrpour, H., & Asgarkhani, A. (2018). Civic and social responsibility of automobile manufacturers in Iran. Social Research, 10(41). (In Persian). https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/sr/Article/1111233/FullText
Malpani, R., & Ghosh, A. (2023). Corporate social responsibility practices: A strategy for Indian startups to sustain. Business Perspectives and Research, 11(2), 246-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/22785337211070357
Malpani, R., Baral, M. M., Panigrahi, R. R., & Chittipaka, V. (2025). Unveiling the dynamic nexus between corporate social responsibility, innovations, and financial performance in 21st-century Indian start-ups. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 33(5), 1114-1131. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-01-2024-4239
Manifar, M., & Hovsepyan, M. (2023). Position, mission, and social responsibility of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting from stakeholders' point of view. Rasaneh, 34(1), 143-166. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/bmsp.2022.348139.1749
Mansouri, F., Moradi, Z., & Javanmard, H. (2022). Economic enterprises and the capacity of social responsibilities in the Seventh Development Plan with an emphasis on critical conditions and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, 15(1), 141-167. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22035/isih.2023.4871.4757
Margono, R. (2025). Corporate social responsibility as a pillar of the welfare state: Analysis of regulations, implementation, and transformation towards sustainable development in Indonesia. Acta Innovations, 56, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.62441/actainnovations.v56i.457
Mehrmanesh, A. (2021). Social responsibility and its necessity for startups. (In Persian). https://vrgl.ir/7YTB0
Mighifard, A. (2021). Investigating the relationship between business ethics and corporate social responsibility: A case study of internet companies in the west of Mazandaran Province. Journal of Value Creating in Business Management, 1(1), 61-80. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/jbme.2021.313206.1006
Moshabaki, A., & KhaliliShojaei, V. (2011). Investigating the relationship between organizational culture and corporate social responsibility (CSR): A case study of the Ministry of Energy. Journal of Applied Sociology, 21(4), 37-56. (In Persian). https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.20085745.1389.21.4.3.8
Nabilah, S. A. (2025). Bridging responsibility and sustainability: A comprehensive literature review of CSR and its role in sustainable development. Clean and Sustainability Business, 1(1), 29-41. https://doi.org/10.70764/gdpu-csb.2025.1(1)-03
Nirojan, K. (2024). Corporate social responsibility in the new normal era. Informatics. Economics. Management, 3(1), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.47813/2782-5280-2024-3-1-0201-0212
Nourbakhsh, Y., & Akbarian, M. (2018). The sociological explanation of social responsibility in economic-profit enterprises based on moral and religious norms: A case study of executives of Islamic Azad Universities and Parsian Bank branches in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Social Problems, 9(2), 41-61. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijsp.2018.68619
Omidvar, M., & Palazzo, M. (2023). The influence of corporate social responsibility aspects on business model innovation, competitive advantage, and company performance: A study on SMEs in Iran. Sustainability, 15(22), 15867. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215867
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies, 24(3), 403-441. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840603024003910
Parmar, B. L., Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Purnell, L., & de Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 403-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2010.495581
Pashazadeh, Y., & Behroozi, S. (2023). Investigating the impact of sustainable human resource management on social responsibility: Evaluating the mediating role of social capital (Case study: Small and medium-sized enterprises in West Azerbaijan Province). Social Capital Management, 11(1), 33-49. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jscm.2023.365206.2443
Rahmani, N., VahabzadehManshi, S., & Mehrani, H. (2023). Social responsibility in digital marketing of small businesses: A qualitative study. Scientific Journal of Media, 34(3), 83-106. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/bmsp.2022.334987.1708
Rajabian-Gharib, F., Mohammadzadeh, S., & Sharifzadeh, M. (2021). Social responsibility in agricultural higher education: A futures studies approach. Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, 13(3), 33-69. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22035/isih.2021.369
Raoufi-Maram, N., Amirnejad, G., & Makvandi, F. (2021). Designing the optimal model of corporate social responsibility for the Iranian Ports Organization with a sustainable development approach. Sociological Researches, 15(2). (In Persian).
Ronaghi, M. (2021). The impact of blockchain technology on corporate governance and social responsibility in knowledge-based companies in the IT sector. Entrepreneurship Development Quarterly, 14(1), 61-80. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jed.2020.309530.653450
Roshan, S., & Hassan Zadeh, F. (2013). The impact of corporate social responsibility on the quality and outcomes of organizational relationships. Organizational Behavior Studies, 2(3), 109-136. (In Persian).
Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2023). Research methods for business students (9th ed.). Pearson.
Scherer, A. G., & Palazzo, G. (2012). The new political role of business in a globalized world: A review of a new perspective on CSR and its implications for the firm, governance, and democracy. In G. Palazzo & A. G. Scherer (Eds.), Handbook of research on global corporate citizenship (pp. 15-50). Gabler Verlag. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1609539
SedighiKeradeh, S., Ebrahimi, A., & Amini, A. (2022). Developing a content model of social irresponsibility influencing brand hate (Case study: Iranian banking industry). Quarterly Journal of Brand Management, 9(2), 79-114. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22051/bmr.2022.39021.2296
Seifollahi, N. (2020). Analyzing the effect of social capital on organizational virtues with the mediating role of corporate social responsibility. Social Capital Management, 7(2), 171-194. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jscm.2020.296470.197
Shafiei, H., Khodamipour, A., & Dastgir, M. (2017). The impact of macroeconomic indicators on social responsibility of companies. Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, 10(1), 155-173. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22631/isih.2017.229
Shahhoseini, M., Nazari, M., Torkestani, M., & Ghorbani, F. (2021). Conceptual model of corporate social responsibility in Iran's tourism. Tourism Management Studies, 16(53), 109-171. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2021.50748.2284
Shahhosseini, M., & Arabloi-Moghaddam, S. (2018). Corporate social responsibility: A comprehensive approach. University of Tehran. (In Persian).
Shamir, R. (2008). The age of responsibilization: On market-embedded morality. Economy and Society, 37(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140701760833
Sharaei, F., Colabi, A., & KhodadadHosseini, S. (2019). Sustainable corporate development model designing: Explaining the role of corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, and creating shared value. Social Capital Management, 6(3), 305-325. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jscm.2019.279369.1828
Smith, D. C. (2025). From good government to responsible business: A history of corporate social responsibility. In The Routledge companion to responsible business (pp. 3-33). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003373162
Taghizadeh, H., Soltani, G., & Shokri, A. (2014). A comparative study of Iran Air from a social responsibility perspective using Carroll's approach. Sociological Studies, 7(23), 29-44. (In Persian).
Veloudis, S., Ryan, M., Ketikidi, E., & Blok, V. (2025). Responsible innovation in start-ups: Entrepreneurial perspectives and formalisation of social responsibility. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 12(1), 2453251. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2025.2453251
Zamandi, A., Hosseini, M., & Qalavandi, H. (2022). Interpretive-structural modeling of university corporate social responsibility components aimed at enhancing social capital (Case study: Shahid Beheshti University). Social Capital Management, 9(4), 461-491. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jscm.2022.348384.2341
Zhang, X., Liu, J., & Chen, R. (2024). Stakeholder management in CSR reporting: Evidence from China's manufacturing sector. PLOS ONE, 19(11), e0294588. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294588
 
کسب‌وکار اجتماعی
دوره 3، شماره 2
تیر 1405
صفحه 128-153

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار