کسب‌وکار اجتماعی

کسب‌وکار اجتماعی

واکاوی ابعاد فردی مدیران و ارتباط آن با گرایش کارآفرینانه در سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی ایران: رویکرد کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه توسعه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه کارآفرینی سازمانی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، تهران، ایران.
10.22059/jsbu.2026.403872.1071
چکیده
هدف: سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی ایرانی در محیطی متلاطم و رقابتی، با محدودیت‌های مالی، بوروکراسی پیچیده و ضعف در جذب خیرین فعالیت می‌کنند؛ شرایطی که ضرورت نوآوری و رویکرد کارآفرینانه را برجسته می‌سازد. گرچه مطالعات بین‌المللی به‌طور عمده بر بنگاه‌های اجتماعی مستقل تمرکز داشته‌اند، تاکنون پژوهش‌های کمی به بررسی گرایش کارآفرینانه در سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی موجود پرداخته‌اند. در مواجهه با الزامات رقابتی، نوسان‌های محیطی و پویایی بخش سوم، مدیران باید علاوه بر مهارت‌های مدیریت مالی، توانایی بهره‌برداری کارآمد از منابع انسانی و سرمایه‌های شبکه‌ای را دارا باشند؛ قابلیتی که برای تحقق اهداف سازمان و حفظ مشروعیت آن حیاتی است.
روش پژوهش: این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی و منطق استقرایی، در قالب مطالعه موردی چندگانه و با استفاده از متد تحلیل جیویا اجرا شد. جامعه تحقیق شامل سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی ایرانی بود و داده‌ها از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و نظری تا دستیابی به اشباع نظری گردآوری شد. درمجموع ۱۳ مصاحبه عمیق با مدیران خیریه‌های دارای تجربه گرایش کارآفرینانه انجام و داده‌ها با رویکرد سه‌مرحله‌ای جیویا تحلیل شد. اعتبار نتایج بر اساس رهنمودهای لینکلن و گوبا و از طریق بازبینی مشارکت‌کنندگان و بررسی سازگاری تحلیل‌ها تأیید شد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد ابعاد فردی مدیران در سه محور اصلی شناختی، ارزشی و رفتاری طبقه‌بندی می‌شود.
نتیجه‌گیری: چارچوب استقرایی ما رهنمودهای ارزشمندی برای مدیران سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی، مشاوران توسعه نهادهای حمایتی، تأمین‌کنندگان منابع مالی و سیاستگذاران فراهم می‌آورد تا با درک عمیق‌تر فرایند شکل‌گیری گرایش کارآفرینانه، راهکارهایی عملی برای ارتقای نوآوری، پایداری مالی و تحقق مأموریت‌های اجتماعی بیابند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Analyzing the Personal Dimensions of Managers and Their Relationship With Entrepreneurial Orientation in Iranian Non-Profit Organizations: a Qualitative Approach

نویسندگان English

zahra arasti 1
zeinab esfandyari 1
Kamal Sakhdari 2
1 Department of Entrepreneurship Development, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Corporate Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Objective: Iranian nonprofit organizations operate in a turbulent and competitive environment, with financial constraints, complex bureaucracy, and weak donor recruitment; conditions that highlight the need for innovation and an entrepreneurial approach. Although international studies have mainly focused on independent social enterprises, few studies have examined entrepreneurial tendencies in existing nonprofit organizations. In the face of competitive requirements, environmental fluctuations, and the dynamics of the third sector, managers must possess, in addition to financial management skills, the ability to efficiently utilize human resources and network capital; a capability that is crucial for achieving organizational goals and maintaining its legitimacy.
Method: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and inductive logic, in the form of a multiple case study, and using the Gioia analysis method. The population consisted of Iranian charities, and data were collected through purposive and theoretical sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. In total, 13 in-depth interviews with experienced managers with entrepreneurial orientation were conducted and analyzed using the three-step approach of Gioia and MAXQDA software. The validity of the results was confirmed based on the guidelines of Lincoln and Guba and through participant review and consistency check of the analyses.
Results: The findings showed that the individual dimensions of managers are classified into three main axes: cognitive, value and behavioral.
Conclusions: Our inductive framework provides valuable guidelines for managers of non-profit organizations, development consultants, support institutions, funders and policymakers to find practical solutions to promote innovation, financial sustainability and social mission fulfillment by understanding the process of entrepreneurial orientation formation in a deeper way.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Characteristics of Managers
Entrepreneurial Orientation
Nonprofit Organizations
Social Innovation.
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